Climate Change and Coffee - Problems,Effects and Mitigation practices

Problems	Effects	Mitigation practices
Increase in the soil and atmospheric temperature	·        Photosynthesis rate reduces ·        Increase Evapotranspiration ·        Reduce pollination and increase fruit drops ·        Stunted tree growth, ·        Presence of physical abnormalities ·        Decrease in the crop duration ·        Increase in pest and disease	Building contour bunds or intra-bunds in the farm to harvest runoff water      Constructing farm ponds to harvest overflow rain water, linking to others water ponds      Encourage to grow shade tree species in the farm      Recording soil and atmospheric temperature of selected farms
Unseasonal rainfall	·        Greater flower frequency ·        Increase of CLR and quick wilt in pepper ·        Inhibits the blossom and back rain process ·        Drying delayed / loss of coffee quality	Recoding rainfall data; number of days, frequency of selected farms      Tracking history of selected pest and disease against rainfall      Understanding hydrological cycle against monoculture and biodiversity rich farms      Promotion of Climate resilient coffee farming
Occurrence of drought	·        Increased mortality ·        Increases the soil and atmospheric temperature ·        Prone to some pest and Disease	Constructing water ponds based on the farm size to support blossom and back rain process      Initiate the activities recommended by CCRI for drought mitigation
Less or no biodiversity in plantation	·        Increases the WSB ·        Imbalance the micro-climate ·        Loss of natural prey and predators population	Encourage indigenous tree species in the farm      Encourage to apiary in the farm      Recording biodiversity; trees, birds, insects, reptiles and amphibians
Application of acid causing fertilizers and over use of chemicals	·        Imbalance soil PH ·        Leads to eutrophication process with use of nitrogen based fertilizers	Regular Soil testing and need based fertilizers application      Leaf analysis to know the relation between plant nutrient absorptions      Recording chemical usage; quantity and names
High rainfall and strong winds	·        Soil erosion ·        Tree damage ·        Shedding of flowers and immature fruits ·        Leaching of soil nutrients and washing chemicals ·        Damaging approach roads	Ensure multi-purpose shelter belts rows around farm      Building contour bunds or intra-bunds in the farm to harvest runoff water      Constructing farm ponds to harvest overflow rain water, linking to others water ponds      Constructing seepage lines to remove excess water      Recoding wind speed of selected farms