Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas originates from biogenic material and is a type of bio-fuel. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure, sewage, municipal waste, and plant material. This type of biogas comprises primarily methane and carbon dioxide. Wood-gas is a bi-product, which is created by gasification of wood or other biomass. Gas consists mainly of nitrogen hydrogen and carbon monoxide with trace amounts of methane.
The gases methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. Air contains 21% oxygen. This energy release allows bio-gas to be used as a fuel. Bio-gas can be used as a low-cost fuel in any country for any heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in modern waste management facilities where it can be used to run any type of heat engine, to generate either mechanical or electrical power. Bio-gas can be compressed natural gas and used to power motor vehicles. In the UK, for example, it is estimated to have the potential to replace around 17% of vehicle fuel. Bio-gas is a renewable fuel so it qualifies for renewable energy subsidies in some parts of the world.
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